Equipment used for loading/discharging operations: e.g. cargo cranes, side-loading system with conveyors, sideshifters, elevators, belt conveyors, ro-ro cargo handling gearand cargo pumping systems.
Cargo handling equipment varies depending upon the type of cargo. Tankers are fitted with pumping systems and pumps, with small cranes to handle hoses from shore, and with tankcleaning machines and inert-gas generating systems. Most dry-bulk carriers depend on shoreside facilities for cargo loading and discharge, but some bulk carriers have self-unloading features with conveyors below the cargo holds, or with cranes on deck. Reefer vessels are designed with refrigerated cargo holds fitted with large cargo-refrigeration systems.