Subsidiaries
The consolidated financial statements include the parent company Wärtsilä Corporation and all subsidiaries over which the Group has control. The Group controls an entity when the Group is exposed to, or has rights to, variable returns from its involvement with the entity and has the ability to affect those returns through its power to direct the activities of the entity.
Acquired and established companies are accounted for using the acquisition method. Accordingly, the purchase price and the acquired company’s identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities are measured at fair value on the date of acquisition. In the acquisition of additional interest, where the Group already has control, the non-controlling interest is measured either at fair value or at the non-controlling interests’ proportionate share of the identifiable net assets. The difference between the purchase price, possible equity belonging to the non-controlling interests and the acquired company’s net identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities measured at fair value is goodwill. Goodwill is tested for impairment at least annually. The purchase price includes the consideration paid, measured at fair value. The consideration does not include transaction costs, which are recognised in the statement of income. The transaction costs are expensed in the same financial period in which they occur, except the costs resulting from issued debt or equity instruments.
Any contingent consideration (additional purchase price) related to the combination of businesses is measured at fair value on the date of acquisition. It is classified either as a liability or equity. Contingent consideration classified as a liability is measured at fair value on the last day of each financial period, and the resulting loss or gain is recognised through the statement of income. Contingent consideration classified as equity is not remeasured.
For acquisitions which occurred before 1 January 2010, the accounting principles valid at the time of the acquisition have been applied.
The acquired subsidiaries are included in the consolidated financial statements from the day the Group has control, and disposed subsidiaries until the control ends. All intragroup transactions, dividend distributions, receivables and liabilities, as well as unrealised margins, are eliminated in the consolidated financial statements. In the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income, non-controlling interests have been separated from the profit and the total comprehensive income for the financial period. In the consolidated statement of financial position, non-controlling interests are shown as a separate item under equity.
Associated companies and joint ventures
Associates are all entities over which the Group has significant influence but not control or joint control. This is generally the case where the Group holds between 20% and 50% of the voting rights.
A joint venture is a joint arrangement whereby the parties that have joint control of the arrangement have rights to the net asset of the joint venture. Joint control is established by contractual agreement.
Associated companies and joint ventures are included in the consolidated financial statements using the equity method from the date the Group’s significant influence or joint control commences until the date it ceases. Investments in associates are initially recorded at cost, and the carrying amount is increased or decreased according to the Group´s share of changes in the net assets of the associate after the date of the acquisition. The Group’s share of the associated company’s or joint venture’s profit for the financial period are shown as a separate item before the Group’s operating result, on the line Share of result of associates and joint ventures. The Group’s share of the associated company’s or joint venture’s changes recorded in other comprehensive income is recorded in the Group’s other comprehensive income. Wärtsilä’s proportion of the associated company’s or joint venture’s post-acquisition accumulated equity is included in the Group’s equity. If the Group’s share of the associated company's or joint venture's losses exceeds its interest in the company, the carrying amount is written down to zero. After this, losses are only recognised if the Group has incurred obligations from the associated company or joint venture.
The accumulated exchange rate differences arising from the consolidation of associated companies and joint ventures, which are recorded in equity, are recognised in the statement of income as part of the gain or loss when change in ownership occurs.
Non-current assets held for sale and discontinued operations
Non-current assets and assets and liabilities related to discontinued operations are classified as held for sale if their carrying amounts are expected to be recovered primarily through sale rather than through continuing use. Classification as held for sale requires that the following criteria are met; the sale is highly probable, the asset is available for immediate sale in its present condition subject to usual and customary terms, the management is committed to the sale, and the sale is expected to be completed within one year from the date of classification.
Prior to classification as held for sale, the assets or assets and liabilities related to a disposal group in question are measured according to the respective IFRS standards. From the date of classification, non-current assets held for sale are measured at the lower of the carrying amount and the fair value less costs to sell, and the recognition of depreciation and amortization is discontinued. A discontinued operation is a component of an entity that either has been disposed of, or is classified as held for sale, and represents a separate major line of business or geographical area of operations, is part of a single coordinated plan to dispose of a separate major line of business or geographical area of operations, or is a subsidiary acquired exclusively with a view to resale.
The result from the discontinued operations is shown separately in the consolidated statement of income and the comparison figures are restated accordingly. Non-current assets held for sale are presented in the statement of financial position separately from other items. The comparison figures for the statement of financial position are not restated.
Translating the transactions in foreign currencies
The items included in the financial statements are initially recognised in the functional currency, which is defined for each group company based on its primary economic environment. The presentation currency of the consolidated financial statements is the euro, which is also the functional and presentation currency of Wärtsilä Corporation.
Foreign subsidiaries
The income and expenses for statements of income and statements of comprehensive income of foreign subsidiaries are translated into euros at the quarterly average exchange rates. Statements of financial position are translated into euros at the exchange rates prevailing at the end of the financial period. The translation of the profit for the financial period and other comprehensive income using different exchange rates in the statement of comprehensive income and the statement of financial position causes translation differences, which are recognised in equity and in other comprehensive income as change. Translation differences of foreign subsidiaries’ acquisition cost eliminations and post-acquisition profits and losses are recognised in other comprehensive income and are presented as a separate item in equity. The goodwill generated in the acquisition of foreign entities and their fair value adjustments of assets and liabilities are considered as assets and liabilities of foreign entities, which are translated into euros using the exchange rates prevailing at the end of the financial period. When a foreign subsidiary is sold, the accumulated exchange rate differences recorded in the equity related to the subsidiary are recognised in the statement of income as a part of the gain or loss on sale.
Transactions and balances in foreign currencies
Transactions denominated in a foreign currency are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rate prevailing at the dates of the transactions. Receivables and liabilities are translated at the exchange rate prevailing at the end of the financial period. Exchange rate gains and losses related to trade receivables and liabilities are reported on the applicable line in the statement of income and are included in the operating result. Exchange rate differences related to financial assets and financial liabilities are reported as financial items in the statement of income, except exchange rate differences related to non-current debt that is part of the Group's net investment in a subsidiary. Those are recognised in other comprehensive income and reported as translation differences in equity.
Net sales and revenue recognition
Revenue is presented net of indirect sales taxes, penalties and discounts. Revenue is recognised when control of the goods or services is transferred to the customer at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Group expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods and services. The transaction price may include variable considerations, such as penalties, liquidated damages, and performance bonuses. Revenue recognised by the reporting date corresponds to the benefit of the service provided by Wärtsilä to the customer.
Revenue from contracts with customers is derived from four main revenue types.
Product sales consist of sales of spare parts and standard equipment for which the revenue is recognised at a point in time when the control of the products has transferred to the customer, in general upon delivery of the goods. Product sale contracts generally include one performance obligation.
Goods and services -types of revenue involve short-term field service jobs, which include the delivery of a combination of service and equipment. The revenue is recognised at a point in time when the service is rendered. Goods and service -type contracts generally include one performance obligation.
Projects contain short- and long-term projects. Depending on the contract terms and the duration of the project, the revenue is recognised at a point in time or over time. Revenue related to long-term projects, such as gas solutions construction contracts, integrated solutions projects, ship design, and energy solutions turnkey contracts, is recognised over time. Revenue for tailor-made equipment delivery projects is recognised at a point in time. Project contracts generally represent one performance obligation, but can under certain circumstances contain multiple performance obligations in the Marine business when a contract contains multiple units of delivery.
Long-term agreements contain long-term operating and maintenance agreements for which the revenue is recognised over time. The contract included in this revenue type generally contain one performance obligation per installation.
Contracts with customers often include warranties in line with Wärtsilä’s General terms and conditions, which are regarded as part of the promise to the customer. Extended warranties or warranties purchased as an option are identified as separate performance obligations.
Revenue recognised over time is measured in accordance with the input method (percentage of completion method based on costs incurred) when the outcome of the contract can be estimated reliably. When the outcome cannot be reliably determined, the costs arising are expensed in the same financial period in which they occur, but the revenue is recorded only to the extent that the company will receive an amount corresponding to actual costs. Any losses are expensed immediately. If revenue for goods and services is recognised at a point in time, it is when control is transferred to the customer. The transfer of control is based mainly on transferring risks and rewards according to the delivery terms.
In case there are multiple contracts entered into with a same client at near the same time, the combination of the contracts is evaluated. Typically, Wärtsilä does not have combined contracts.
The Group applies the practical expedient according to IFRS 15.63 concerning significant financing components arising from contracts with customers. In case the lead time between the payments specified in the contract and the corresponding transferral of the promised good or service to the customer is one year or less, no adjustment is made for the effect of a possible significant financing component. Wärtsilä has no customer contracts that would include significant financing components not covered by the practical expedient.
The Group also applies the practical expedient stated in IFRS 15.94 according to which an entity can recognise the incremental costs of obtaining a contract as an expense when incurred if the amortisation period of the asset that the entity would have recognised is one year or less. Wärtsilä has not incurred any costs of obtaining a contract to be recognised as an asset.